Author(s) Details:
Oderinlo Olufemi
Eye Foundation Hospital, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
Bulus Stanley Sano
Department of Ophthalmology, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Umeh Victor
Eye Foundation Hospital, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
Lateefat Oshunkoya
|Eye Foundation Hospital, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
Adekunle Hassan
Eye Foundation Hospital, GRA Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
This section is a part of the chapter: Outcomes of Laser Photocoagulation for Goldberg Stage 3 Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy (PSR) in an Eye Foundation Hospital: A Review
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most prevalent type of haemoglobinopathy around the world. It arises from mutations within the normal β-globin gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern (Alruwaili et al., 2021). It consists of a group of inherited hemoglobinopathies affecting multiple organs including the eyes. Eye changes can occur in any ocular structure. The most common ocular complication in these hemoglobinopathies is retinopathy, and there may be extensive areas of vascular occlusion with progressive loss of peripheral vascularization (Aguiar et al., 2020). Moreover, Ischemia can result from occlusion of vessels by rigid red blood cells with a sickle-shaped appearance (Myint et al., 2015). Ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease can occur in both the anterior and posterior segments. Posterior segment manifestations can cause significant visual loss (World Health Organization (WHO) 2010). Goldberg in 1971 had classified retina manifestations of sickle cell into non-proliferative and proliferative types. He further classified proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR) into five stages (Olufemi et al., 2023). Complications of visual loss often occur at stages 4 and 5 from a vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or both. Vitreous hemorrhage is, however, preceded by the formation of abnormal neovascularization called sea fans at Goldberg stage 3 (Olufemi et al., 2023.). Non-proliferative retina findings include salmon patch hemorrhages, black sunbursts, and atrophic retina holes (Goldberg, 1971).
How to Cite
Olufemi, O., Sano, B. S., Victor, U., Oshunkoya, L., & Hassan, A. (2025). Outcomes of Laser Photocoagulation for Goldberg Stage 3 Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy (PSR) in an Eye Foundation Hospital: A Review. Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 143–151. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4154